Post COVID-19 Rehab: Restore Your Health

The coronavirus outbreak has changed the way we live, but…

Could it change the way we think?

Going through this tough time, you must have realised the real worth of health and healthy lifestyles.

You now know that health is irreplaceable, indispensible and way beyond comparison with anything else.

So, whether you have tested positive for COVID-19, you have an injury or you are going the extra mile to prevent it, this article is for you.

Read on to learn how to invest in your health during lockdown in order to:

1. Prevent catching the coronavirus,
2. Reduce your risk of infection,
3. Relieve Covid-19 symptoms,
4. Restore your health after testing positive,
5. Prevent future complications and
6. Change your lifestyle forever
7. Rehabilitate after a Covid-19 recovery

COVID-19 Rehab: Does it help?

Returning to exercise after an illness is usually a very tough battle, particularly after you have tested positive for the new coronavirus.

Although the coronavirus is novel and much about its short and long-term effects on the body remain unknown, we must do our best to reverse the changes this virus causes within our bodies. [1]

But, did you know that…

You can now have a comprehensive COVID-19 rehabilitation online that will help strengthen your body fighting mechanisms and reverse the effect of your recent viral infection?

As you complete your COVID-19 rehab programme, you will be gradually prepared to return-to-play.

You can then resume working hard for reaching your fitness goals that have been interrupted by your recovery period.

Whether your goal is to be a body builder, a role model in body transformation, London’s number one marathon runner or simply a more active person, or to find a programme for online weight loss in London,

 Your goal will be waiting for you.

What is after a positive COVID-19 test?

If you tested positive for COVID-19, the plan of treatment will depend on how severe your symptoms are.

According to a recent research, around 17% of patients with the coronavirus in the UK are admitted to intensive care units due to severe symptoms. [2]

With the highest hospitalisation and ICU admission rates observed in London. [3]

When symptoms are severe, hospital admission might be necessary.

In addition, ICU admission might be necessary if the symptoms interfere with the stability of your:

• Heart rate and rhythm (cardiac arrhythmia),
• Blood Pressure (Very high or very low blood pressure),
• Temperature (e.g. Hyperpyrexia not responding to antipyretic drugs),
• Respiration and oxygen saturation (e.g. low oxygen concentration in the blood) [1],[4],[5]

However, less severe cases are treated at home; this is perhaps when you will need less medical interventions. [4], [5]

Whether you are receiving treatment at home, in an in-patient ward or an Intensive care unit, you have to start your rehabilitation plan as soon as possible to:

• Guarantee better results
• Recover faster
• Reduce or prevent complications [6]

REHAB FOR CRITICAL ILLNESSES

Most of people who are critically ill, or those whose beloved ones are admitted to intensive care units, think that this is not the right time to start a rehabilitation programme.

Well, this is not true.

Early rehabilitation is a necessity, even in patients with more severe symptoms who are being under a 24-hour-monitoring. [8]

Usually, critical care rehabilitation is carried out within the ICU by specialised physiotherapists,

and because patients and relatives are usually unaware of it, most of patients do not continue their rehabilitation programmes after being discharged. [6],[7],[8]

REHAB AFTER CRITICAL ILLNESSES

After acute illness, and if you have been confined to bed for a long time, your body develops some complications that – if not treated – might lead to further problems in the near future.

Some of these complications are:

• ICU-acquired muscle weakness.
• Muscle atrophy (Loss of muscle mass)
• Deconditioning (decreased fitness)
• Decreased ventilatory capacity
• Impaired balance and coordination
• Osteoporosis (decreased bone density)
• Impaired proprioception [8]

Usually, critical care physiotherapists dedicate efforts towards preventing these complications.

However, regardless all efforts, these complications are inevitable.

They still take place to different extents. [8]

So, as you can see in this research [6], [7], [8] post-ICU rehabilitation is vital to reverse them and prevent further complications.

If you spent more than 72 hours in the ICU due to a severe illness –including COVID-19 and you’ve been discharged – you can discuss now in confidence your rehabilitation options with a specialist.

Request a FREE CONSULTATION with Jazz Alessi, the expert rehabilitation specialist who will explain to you how rehab can help you recover faster.

Severe COVID-19: How can Rehabilitation Help?

In severe cases of COVID-19, the leading cause of hospital or ICU admission is the severe pneumonia (chest infection) which leads to:

• Dyspnea (Shortness of breath),
• Low oxygen saturation,
• ARDS (respiratory distress) and
• Respiratory failure [4],[5]

In these cases, the treatment options may vary from simple oxygen supply to mechanical ventilation with a prolonged period of immobilisation and bed rest. [4],[5]

After this period, rehabilitation is crucial to help reversing the complications of the disease itself, ventilatory support and the prolonged bed recumbence.

These complications may include:

• Impaired lung function
• Physical deconditioning
• Muscle weakness and atrophy
• Delirium and other cognitive impairments
• Impaired swallowing that affects your diet
• Impaired vocalization and communication
• Mental health disorders and psychosocial support needs
• Reduced life span due to multifactorial type of damage
• Impaired balance and increased risk of falling

And unfortunately, there are more ways how your body could be affected:

• Poor coordination and poor fine movement
• Dependence
• Malnutrition
• Severe, unhealthy weight loss [9],[8],[7]

As you progress through your treatment programme, comprehensive rehabilitation programmes must be run in parallelism to improve your:

• Immunity
• Self-confidence
• Strength
• Confidence
• Body balance
• Independence
• Function
• Physical fitness
• Psychological state [6],[7],[8]

How an Elite Personal Trainer in London can help with Covid-19 Rehab

You must have stopped exercising as the gym was closed due to the COVID-19 outbreak.

You might also think that exhausting yourself while exercising would have a negative impact on your immunity and your body’s ability to resist illness.

Or you might have stopped seeing your personal trainer to comply with the social distance initiatives.

What you don’t know is…

An long-term expert personal trainer can be an indispensible part of your health-enhancement programme during the coronavirus outbreak.

EXPERT TIP:

According to the WHO, people who discontinue their regular rehab programme during the lockdown are more at risk for catching the disease or having more severe symptoms. [6]

SO, if you are at risk and you have an ongoing rehabilitation programme, speak to your injury rehab specialist to discuss the options of online continuation.

Elite personal trainers in London with the expert knowledge and long-term experience can help you:

• Not catch the coronavirus

Your personal trainer will keep you motivated and active during your home stay.

Nowadays, professional trainers provide online training sessions that are conducted from home or outdoor in London parks.

Which means you don’t need to go anywhere for professional help.

Your personal trainer can also train you outdoors following by the book UK’s government regarding social distancing.

With a professional personal trainer in London, you will be doing the right amount of exercise that is going to:

1. Improve your general health
2. Boost your immunity
3. Improve your lungs efficiency
4. Help you keep in shape and prevent putting on extra weight [6]
5. Completely transform your body and appearance

In addition, as you can see in this research [6] your London personal trainer will give you professional advice on what to eat in order to boost your immunity and help your body fight against all infections in general, and the coronavirus in particular.

• Have Mild Symptoms

If you tested positive or you are suspected for having COVID-19, and you are having mild to moderate symptoms, it is important to take rest and take your time recovering.

Yet, having an online personal trainer at this time can help ease your symptoms and prevent them from worsening.

First of all, your personal trainer will teach you breathing exercises to do.

At this stage, breathing exercises can:

1. Help you feel less breathless
2. Improve your oxygenation
3. Help you cough more efficiently
4. Improve your lung volume
5. Reduce the probability of developing severe pneumonia [6],[7],[11]
6. Reduce anxiety levels and lower stress

In addition to the valuable breathing exercises, an elite personal trainer can also:

1. Keep you positive and reassured
2. Help you plan a nutritious healthy diet to boost your immunity
3. Help you relax using Pilates Method of Exercise, Yoga and other relaxation techniques [11]
4. Strengthen your body and immunity throughout

• Recover after experiencing severe symptoms

If you live in greater London after being hospitalised, you can now work with an elite personal trainer London based to help you continue your rehabilitation programme with the right intensity and right from home.

At this stage, alongside your medical doctor your elite personal trainer will set you a covid-19 rehabilitation plan that will:

1. Restore your ventilatory function and help you breathe better
2. Help you make the right food decisions that will help you recover fast.
3. Restore your fitness
4. Make you more independent
5. Help you rebuild and strengthen your muscles
6. Get you back to healthy eating and adjust your body weight
7. Restore your balance and coordination
8. Help you sleep better
9. Improve your mood [5],[6],[7],[8]
10. Reduce anxiety levels, reduce depression and improve your mood

If you want more details about how a personal trainer can help you get rid of all post-ICU stay residual symptoms, feel free to talk to Jazz Alessi, our elite personal trainer and rehab expert in London.

Request a FREE CONSULTATION NOW!

 Eat Healthy to Fight with Covid-19 and Lose Weight in London

While most people focus on social distancing, face coverings, hand washing and self-isolation to protect against the deadly coronavirus now ravaging the country, too few are paying serious attention to two other factors that are critically important to reduce the risk of developing a COVID-19 infection and its potential severity.

These are:

1. Proper nutrition and
2. Weight control

Eat Healthy, Stay Safe

According to statistics, more than half of London’s adult population is classed as overweight or obese. [13]

Unfortunately, during the corona virus lockdown, this percentage is probably increasing.

As we are being requested to stay at home, restaurants and take-away offers are becoming more and more appealing.

As a result, less fresh and healthy foods are being available while processed ones are being handier.

What you need to know is…

Good nutrition is crucial for health, particularly in times when the immune system might need to fight back. [14]

Undoubtedly, processed foods are tasty, but they tend to be high in:

• Fats,
• Sugars and
• Salt
• Processed stuff.

They also have a lower nutritional value as they provide a lower amount of:

• Vitamins,
• Good fat,
• Minerals,
• Proteins,
• Dietary fibers and
• Antioxidants [10], [14]

So, what to eat for a better immunity?

Proper nutrition and hydration are vital.

These two simple steps will help you build a stronger defense line against all organisms.

Here are Jazz Alessi’s top nutrition tips on what to eat during the COVID-19 outbreak:

• Fresh foods come first

Always prioritise whole plant based fresh food in abundance and eat less processed and dried food.

It will be ideal that your diet will contain more:

• Fruits,
• Vegetables,
• Legumes (e.g. Lentils, beans),
• Nuts and whole grains
• Complex carbohydrates
• Plant based protein foods (e.g. tofu, seitan, spirulina, amaranth and medicinal mushrooms etc)

Also make sure not to overcook vegetables as overcooked vegies lose their nutritional value. [10], [14]

• Make Sure You Keep Hydrated

Drink 2-3 litres of water every day and freshly made vegetable juices, and remember, water is essential for life as it:

• Transports the nutrients and compounds in blood,
• Regulates your body temperature,
• Gets rid of waste and toxins,
• Keeps your muscosal membrane (the layer lining the cavities) hydrated; this is important for your respiratory tract in order to prevent organisms from attacking your airways or lungs.
• Lubricates and cushions joints. [15],[14]

Avoid consuming too much caffeine, sweetened fruit juices, syrups and soft drinks as they all contain too much sugar. [10]

• Eat Better Fats and Less Poor Fats

You cannot cut fats out of your diet.

This is because fats are very important for:

• Forming and carrying hormones in your blood
• Carrying fat soluble vitamins (i.e A,D,E,K)
• The cells of your body to shape and function properly
• Lining and protecting your internal organs
• Regulating your body’s temprature
• Activating and regulating the function of your immune cells. [16],[17]

So, due to the importance of fat consumption in diet,

And based on the fact that 20% to 35% of total calories can be derived from fat [16],

as you introduce fats into your diet make sure you:

1. Consume more unsaturated fats (e.g. found in raw avocado, nuts as almonds, olive oil)
2. Avoid saturated fats (e.g. found in coconut and palm oil). [26]

Lockdown weight gain: The Heavier, The More at Risk

According to King’s College London, 48% of people say they have put on weight during lockdown in a new survey.

And as per the NHS, if you’re overweight or obese, losing weight can reduce your risk of some potentially serious health problems including recurrent infections.

So, in a time of heightened stress, it’s important to have ‘self-compassion’, say the experts.

Here are their tips for how to improve your health…

• Limit Your Calories Intakes

Eating without counting how many calories you consume is a fatal mistake that will make you end up putting weight without even noticing, especially with the decreased physical activity during lockdown.

Find out how many calories would be ideal for your:

• Age
• Gender
• Level of physical activities
• Weight and height

And make sure you don’t consume calories that exceed your daily requirement to avoid putting on extra pounds.

If you don’t know what is best to eat and are having problems calculating your daily calories, or you have no idea how much calories is ideal for your body, request now a free consultation with Jazz Alessi, the expert personal trainer and nutrition specialist who will get all your questions answered.

• Be wise Food-wise

It is not all about calories, your food choices also determine how much of the food you eat is going to be stored as fats.

This is because similar portions of different foods provide different amounts of calories.

For instance, a single gram of carbohydrates gives you 4 calories, while a similar amount of fats provides 9 calories. [18]

As a bottom line, eating healthy food and staying away from consuming too much calories is one thing you need to consider in order to lose weight during the lockdown.

• Stay Active

Exercising during home-quarantine is necessary to:

1. Keep in shape
2. Boost your immunity
3. Get rid of extra pounds
4. Improve your mood
5. Reduce your stress and anxiety
6. Control your appetite [12]
7. Maintain a fit and attractive body shape

It is important to choose the right exercise that will help you reach your fitness goal in no time and – at the same time – will not exhaust your body and have a negative impact on your immunity. [12]

If you want to improve your health status, and are looking for some home-friendly, no-equipment exercises to do at home, discuss your goals with London’s number one personal trainer: Jazz Alessi, who he will tell you what exactly you need to do to get in-shape while staying safe at home.

Request a FREE CONSULTATION now!   

Is gaining weight really a big issue?

Nowadays, people’s anxiety and stress levels are high, and some people will eat more to help them deal with it.

As you stay home, it is difficult to notice the extra weight you put on.

In fact, you can only notice you gained weight only after weeks of overeating.

It is then that you have already gained a considerable amount of weight before you noticed.

Bad news is, gaining weight is not only bad for your health and shape, but it also affects your immunity and makes you more at risk for catching infections (including COVID-19) [19]

Here are some dangers being overweight imposes on your health:

• Higher risk for metabolic diseases (e.g. diabetes)
• Higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (e.g. atherosclerosis, coronary artery diseases, high blood pressure, strokes)
• Higher risk for respiratory and lung diseases (e.g. hypoventilation syndrome and sleep apnea)
• Joint diseases (e.g. arthritis)
• Decreased immunity.
• Sleep disorders
• Decreased stamina
• Depression and stress [19]

It is important to know that gaining weight during lockdown does not happen overnight.

The rate at which you gain weight might depends on:

• The nature and amount of the food you consume
• Your previous and current levels of physical activity
• Anxiety, unhappiness, depression and stress levels
• Genetic predisposition

So, it is now time to do something about it.

Your health is the most precious thing you have.

And although hiring a personal trainer can cost you more than… well, not hiring a personal trainer, you always have to think about the long-term consequences of both options.

Have another look at the list of weight gaining complications,

Now you must have decided to take a positive step towards losing weight.

Here is how:

In order to control or lose your weight during the quarantine, you need to follow the well-known triad of weight loss:

• Diet plan
• Physical exercise and appropriate levels of exertion
• Sufficient sleep and hydration [14]

If you have no idea where to start, Jazz Alessi, London’s best personal trainer and nutrition specialist has all you need in one call.

Request now a FREE CONSULTATION exclusive with Jazz Alessi!

Body Transformation Online in London

• Have you tried countless times to change your body at the gym and left frustrated or demotivated?
• Are you looking for a complete transformation to lose fat, get leaner with increased muscle definition?
• Do you want to completely change your body and create a whole new version of you?
• Do you want to invest in your health and enjoy the long-term benefits of living a healthy lifestyle?

Then an intense (or completed at your pace) 12-week Transformation could be for you.

Good news is…

You can transform to the slimmer, leaner you while staying safe at your home.

With London’s most efficient one to one, 12-week transformation challenge, you will have all the following in one package:

• One-to-one personal training 2 – 5 times per week
• Comprehensive Nutrition including Food Behavior and Advanced Lifestyle Consultation
• Comprehensive and customised food and nutrition plans
• Customised fresh shake and fresh juices after every workout (if you want)
• Before and after pics and measurements at end of each phase
• Continuous monitoring, motivation and supervision
• Flexible schedules that can easily fit in your routine
• Easy access to your personal trainer anytime

Read more about Jazz Alessi’s one-to-one body transformation package HERE

Core-strengthening: Your Way to a Pain-free Back

Back injuries happen for a variety of reasons, including:

• Improper lifting,
• Repetitive strain and
• Falling or traumatic accidents.

Depending upon the severity of the injury, some people require surgery along with rehab and therapy.

However, most of the mild to moderate cases only require rehabilitation to recover from a back injury. [20]

After a back injury, your core muscles become inhibited due to:

• Already present weakness before the injury
• The pain caused by the injury
• Your attempts to avoid the pain by limiting your movement [22]

Because this inhibition has serious consequences, it is crucial to start re-activating your core muscles in order to prevent further injuries in the future.

Yet, it is difficult to decide the best exercises that:

• Will not put more strain on your muscles
• Will not overload your spine
• Will not worsen the inflammation associated with the injury
• Will help you heal faster
• Will prevent your injury from recurring in the future [20],[21]

It is also vital to decide whether your injury is acute, sub-acute or chronic; doing this, your personal trainer will be able to set your plan according to the stage of your injury.

Acute injury: (Day 0-4)

In this stage, your injury has just occurred.

Your injury site will be:

• Inflamed
• Swollen
• Painful (Severe pain)

All you need to know about this stage is this is a normal body response to injury.

The inflammation within results from damage of structures that have been injured.

These structures may be:

• Muscles
• Ligaments
• Tendons
• Bones
• Other soft tissues

At this stage, you might have some of the following:

• Severe pain
• Limited range of movement
• Muscle spasm
• Weakness
• Visible bruising [22]

Don’t freak out, all you have to do is rest, take your medications – if any – and apply some ice to the site where your back hurts if instructed by your physical therapist.

Put simply…

At this stage, just wait for the next stage…

Sub-acute injury: (Day 4 – 15)

At this stage, your pain starts to be less severe, you regain your ability to move and function.

However, you are not fully back to normal.

Deep within, your body starts repairing what was damaged in the first place.

In this case, the tissues are new.

That’s why you must be very careful not to re – damage them, as this could result in even more pain and may double the healing time.

Rehab-wise, this is the golden stage at which you will benefit from consulting the best rehab specialist in London.

Starting early rehab programme that includes core strengthening helps you:

1. Restore and maintain your muscle strength
2. Prevent muscle imbalance
3. Prevent faulty posture
4. Relieve the pain
5. Prevent prolongation of the chronic stage [20],[21]

If you are wondering which exercises can help your back injury heal faster, Request a FREE CONSULTATION and speak to Jazz Alessi, London’s number one expert in back pain rehab

Or read his full article about Low Back Pain Rehabilitation London

Chronic injury: (more than 2 weaks)

This stage is a normal stage where your healing tissues start to re-align and get back to the best shape possible.

Usually, no pain is felt in the chronic stage unless:

• You don’t allow for proper healing
• You have delayed healing due to a health problem (e.g. diabetes)
• You have neglected the injury in the first place [22]

If your healing process has been un-interrupted, your rehab specialist will recommend you do more exercises according to the type and severity of your injury.

Expert Tip

Your injury doesn’t need to be visible; if your bruises disappear as you progress, it doesn’t mean you are fully healed.

There might be more non-healed tissues deep within your back.

Give these tissues time to heal too!

Get Rid of Your Knee Pain: Complete Knee Rehabilitation Program London

The knee joint is one of the strongest and most important joints in human body.

It is uniquely designed to:

1. Transmit the weight of your upper body
2. Bear weight on one joint as you clear your other foot off the floor (e.g. while walking)
3. Provide stability
4. Provide mobility [23]

Because your knees basically have much to do, their structure is pretty complex.

For example, your knee complex is formed of two joints:

• The articulation between the thigh bone (femur) and the bigger leg bone (tibia). This is known as the tibio-femoral joint.
• The articulation between the thigh bone (femur) and the knee cap (patella), which is also known as the patellofemoral joint. [23]

With this complex bone structure, the knee joint also includes other structures.

These are:

1. Menisci (cartilages between bones)
2. Ligaments
3. Joint capsule (synovial membrane)
4. Tendons of the surrounding muscles
5. Bubrsae (cushions between bones and tendons) [23]

With this complex nature, knee pain and injury are common problems that can originate in any of the structures compromising the knee joint.

In order to get rid of knee pain, you need to understand where your pain comes from.

What causes knee pain?

Knee pain can be caused by inflammation of any of the structures within or around the knee joint.

Here is a list of some common knee problems:

• Arthritis
• Synovitis (inflammation of the joint capsule)
• Bursitis (inflammation of bursa)
• Ligament sprain or tear
• Tendonitis (inflammation of tendons)
• Hyperlaxity
• Referred pain (coming from a different site) [23]

These knee problems can be caused by one of the following:

1. Obesity
2. Overuse
3. Muscle weakness and imbalance
4. Faulty posture
5. Injury [23]

Knee Problem Solved:

 One-to-One Online Personal Training for Knee Injury

Rehab has never been easier!

Now, you can get rid of your knee pain from home with the help of an expert.

Usually, your knee rehabilitation programme will have two main aims:

• Restore balance of the muscles that surround the knee

This is usually done by assessing the muscles and setting:

• A Strengthening plan for weak muscles
• Posture, compensatory movements – abnormal movements patterns etc
• A stretching plan for tight muscles

Correcting muscle imbalances will help you re-align your knee and prevent ligament overstretch. [24]

All you have to do is follow the instructions of your rehab specialist through your knee rehab training online sessions.

• Reduce the burden on the knee joint

This is usually done by reducing weight and in a customised manner correcting muscle imbalance using the right type of Knee rehabilitation online training. [24]

Now that you know every problem has a solution,

Stop worrying!

Whether you suffer from a knee injury, hurt your shoulder or twisted your ankle…

Don’t let an injury stop you from exercising!

CONCLUSION

With most of your daily movement restricted during the COVID-19 pandemic, it can be very difficult to keep up an exercise routine.

However, after learning what benefits exercising brings to your body, I bet you feel more motivated than before.

It is true that being fit will not prevent you from catching the virus.

But bespoke training and customised nutrition will have many other protective effects.

For instance:

1. Transforming your body shape and appearance
2. Boosting your immune system,
3. Reducing stress and anxiety,
4. Improving mood which helps you sleep
5. Keeping you in a fit shape with a nice toned body

Now, with the help of today’s technology, you can find new ways to make movement a part of your daily routine,

You can also exercise under professional supervision through online personal training services, or you can train with your personal trainer outdoors while maintaining a safe distance.

This means hiring an elite personal trainer in London helps you set a plan and achieve your fitness and health goals.

Who is Jazz Alessi?

Jazz Alessi is an elite personal trainer London based and rehab specialist who not only does know how to stand out from the crowd, but also how to make you stand out of the crowd!

Since 1988, Jazz has provided professional training in athletics, Pilates 2nd Generation, martial arts at international competitive levels and yoga.

With the help of this long experience, he has developed his unique approach by combining the most effective exercises with the right customised nutritional plans.

Based on evidence-based practice, he uses all the knowledge and experience he gained over the years to help you reach your health goals in no time by making exercising simple, but effective.

Contact us for a FREE CONSULTATION.

If you have any questions or concerns about our London 12 weeks Body Transformation program, please contact jazz Alessi at: 020 3633 2299 (Monday – Fri: 6:30am to 9pm – Saturday: 8am to 3pm). Request for free consultation here https://www.personaltrainingmaster.co.uk/contactme/

For more information on rehabilitation services offered at our website, please visit https://www.personaltrainingmaster.co.uk

REFERENCES

1. Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/8/2690/pdf

2. The guardian : Coronavirus: over 70% of critical care patients in UK are men

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/01/coronavirus-uk-over-70-of-critical-care-patients-are-men

3. INDEPENDENT: Coronavirus cases see small increase and hospital admissions rise as UK lockdown relaxed

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/coronavirus-hospital-admissions-testing-public-health-england-a9540101.html

4. Admission decisions to intensive care units in the context of the major COVID-19 outbreak: local guidance from the COVID-19 Paris-region area

https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-020-03021-2

5. Management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU: statement from front-line intensive care experts in Wuhan, China

https://annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13613-020-00689-1

6. Rehabilitation considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak: PAHO/WHO

https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/52035/NMHMHCOVID19200010_eng.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y

7. After-care needs of inpatients recovering from COVID-19: NHS

https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/wp-content/uploads/sites/52/2020/06/C0388-after-care-needs-of-inpatients-recovering-from-covid-19-5-june-2020-1.pdf

8. Rehabilitation for People With COVID-19 in ICU (COVID_REHAB)

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04381338

9. Bench-to-bedside review: Mobilizing patients in the intensive care unit – from pathophysiology to clinical trials

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2750129/#:~:text=Immobility%20from%20prolonged%20bed%20rest,and%20bone%20demineralization%20%5B4%5D.

10. Food and nutrition tips during self-quarantine – WHO

https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/technical-guidance/food-and-nutrition-tips-during-self-quarantine

11. Blake Elias, Chen Shen and Yaneer Bar-Yam, Respiratory health for better COVID-19 outcomes version 2, New England Complex Systems Institute (April 18, 2020)

https://necsi.edu/respiratory-health-for-better-covid-19-outcomes

12. Role of increasing the aerobic capacity on improving the function of immune and respiratory systems in patients with coronavirus (COVID-19): A review

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7186129/

13. Centre of London

https://www.centreforlondon.org/reader/the-london-intelligence-health-and-wellbeing/data/#:~:text=More%20than%20half%20of%20London’s,less%20than%20the%20national%20average.&text=In%202017%2F18%2C%2056%20per,62%20per%20cent%20across%20England.

14. Nutrition advice for adults during the COVID-19 outbreak – WHO

http://www.emro.who.int/nutrition/nutrition-infocus/nutrition-advice-for-adults-during-the-covid-19-outbreak.html

15. The importance of human hydration: perceptions among healthcare professionals across Europe

http://cieah.ulpgc.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Art_revision_02_J.-E.-Holdsworth.pdf

16. Lipids Jhons Hopkin’s Bloomberg school of public Health https://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/HumanNutrition/PDFs/Lecture4.pdf
17. Marshal College of science – chapter 19 – lipids http://science.marshall.edu/castella/chm204/chap19.pdf
18. How many calories are in one gram of fat, carbohydrate, or protein? : National Agricultural Library

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